Tag Archives: annuals

Growing Morning Glories

Heavenly Blue

Morning glories are so popular, they need little description. I plant them every year on a wooden banister. Their brightly colored faces greet me in the morning. By summer’s end, they have become close friends with the other plants, clasping their thin tendrils around branches of neighboring shrubs and perennials.

Growing morning glories from seed is easy if you either soak the seeds in water overnight before planting or nick the seed coat with a file to allow water to permeate. After I soak my seeds, I sow them in small plastic containers with seed starting mix, under lights in my house. I do this in late April and transplant after last frost, typically Mother’s Day here in Northern Virginia. Morning glory seeds can be directly sown outside after Mother’s Day as well. They do need support so make sure they are planted in a place where the tendrils can clasp on to something.

Morning glories must be grown in full sun for the flowers to open up in the morning. Each flower only lasts one day but the vines produce many flowers. The vines prefer well-drained soil, not too rich or one gets more foliage than flowers. There is no need to deadhead or fertilizer.

Grandpa Ott’s

These annuals produce many large seedheads so it is easy to find them and save for next year. When the seeds develop in the fall, they are black with a papery brown coat. I cut the stems and drop the cluster of seedheads in a paper bag. Later, in the winter, I separate the seeds. If you are growing an heirloom variety such as Heavenly Blue or Grandpa Ott’s, the resulting plant will produce the same flower (will come true from seed). They are great plants to grow for seed exchanges.

Try growing this easy annual vine this year. Morning glories are a great investment — one packet of seeds can reward you with flowers for a lifetime.

Hooked on Flowering Tobacco Plants

flowering tobacco white flowers

Nicotiana alata in summer

This year I grew a type of flowering tobacco called scented jasmine (Nicotiana alata). I purchased the seed from Renee’s Garden and sowed them indoors in the spring under lights. It is now November and the 3-foot-tall plants are still blooming, unfazed by cool nights and strong winds. The long, white trumpet-shaped flowers open when the sun goes down, facing me like beacons of light. They are known for their sweet scent which I am sure the night pollinators can pick up. Our winters are too cold for this variety to overwinter. The plants self-seeds but mine are hanging over the lawn’s edge so I doubt I will see more next year. However, I have been saving the seedheads since summer.

Nicotiana alata on left and Nicotiana sylvestris on right, in November

I grew another species called woodland tobacco or as Botanical Interests labeled it: Indian peace pipe (N. sylvestris). Again, easy to sow and grow. I transplanted several plants throughout the garden — some flowered this summer while others just produced a rosette of large leaves. Those that flowered were about a foot taller than N. alata and had similar white trumpets blooming at dusk. However, the blossoms faced downward so it was hard to see the face of the flower. Nice plants but I prefer N. alata smiling and saying hello to me every evening when I come home from work.

I am now hooked on flowering tobacco plants and want to try more next year. In the genus Nicotiana, there are about 60 species including the real (smoking) tobacco. Real tobacco grows up to 5 to 6 feet but most of what we call flowering tobacco plants are shorter, making them the perfect size for the home garden. The flowers have five petals that are fused to create the tubular shape. Many will open their flowers at dusk so you will be able to enjoy them in the evening and early morning. They attract moths, hummingbirds, and butterflies. The plants need well drained soil with more moisture than not (I had to water mine when we had dry spells here in Virginia). They are better in part sun/part shade, and don’t need to be pruned, deadheaded, or fertilized. I never had a pest/deer/rabbit issue. Usually, you must start the species from seed because garden centers do not sell them in containers. However, garden centers sell containers of compact hybrid plants that have been bred to open their flowers during the day.

Bronze Queen flowering tobacco

Bronze Queen, photo courtesy of Botanical Interests

For the 2026 gardening season, Renee’s Garden is introducing Lime Green, a form of N. alata with green flowers. There is another heirloom green flowering type called Langsdorf (Nicotiana langsdorffii) which grows higher at 3 to 4 feet with very long slender tubes. Botanical Interests has a variety of N. langsdorffii called Bronze Queen with chocolate-purple flowers. I prefer the chocolate (who doesn’t) to the yellow-green.

Baker Creek Heirloom Seeds also sells Bronze Queen. They have other forms of N. alata: Purple Perfume with dark purple flowers, Crimson Bedder with cherry flowers, and Sensation Mix with a mix of pink, red, lavender, rose, and white flowers. They also carry Marshmallow (N. mutabilis) where the flowers are rose to cream with very dark throats or centers. This plant grows very tall, up to 5 feet.

Select Watercolors flowering tobacco

Select Watercolors, photo courtesy of Select Seeds

Select Seeds has the largest variety of heirloom flowering tobacco plants including some unusual species.  They sell Select Watercolors (N. x sanderae) which reminds me of when the Queeny series of zinnias came out – a complete game changer. Select Watercolors blooms flowers with muted, antique looking shades of green, pink, lavender, and blush white. Cranberry Isles (N. x sanderae) has pink and purple flowers. These plants are relatively short at 2 feet tall. They also have a N. mutabilis called Select Misty Dawn with white, rose, and pink flowers and Bella which is a cross between N. alata and N. mutabilis with white, pink, and rose flowers. Select Misty Dawn should be very tall while Bella should be shorter at 3 feet.

It is hard to pick which one I want to grow next year but one thing is for certain, these plants are winners in the garden. They perform well despite Virginia’s hot and humid summers, bloom from summer through fall, come in a variety of sizes and flower colors, and are relatively pest and disease free.  Try growing some from seed next year and you will be pleasantly surprised.

Fall Bloomers: Mexican Sunflowers

Mexican sunflowerMexican sunflowers (Tithonia rotundifolia) are very tall, fall blooming annuals. Usually the blossoms are about 3 inches wide, daisy-shaped and orange. Bees and butterflies love the flowers, which are also good for cut flower arrangements.

When Mexican sunflower blooms from September to frost, the sun is at an angle and the light is softer, so the orange is quite nice in the garden. It is not a garish color at all and really blends well with the whole pumpkin fall theme.

The nice thing about this plant is that it is easy to grow from seed and it is easy to collect the seed. When the flower head is past its prime and the resulting seed head is mature, the flower head turns brown and bends down so it is obvious when to cut and save the seed. I cut off the seed heads and save them in a paper bag. In the winter, I separate the actual seed, package them, and give to friends.seedhead

These plants are not fussy. They need full sun, tolerate poor but well-drained soil, should not be fertilized, and are deer resistant. They may need to be staked but there are shorter cultivars on the market. Fiesta del Sol, an All-America Selection (AAS) flower winner in 2000, is the first dwarf at 3 feet tall, making it perfect for containers. Goldfinger is 3 feet tall with orange and gold flowers. Torch is a 1951 AAS flower award winner and Yellow Torch has apricot yellow orange flowers. Both of these can grow to 4 to 6 feet tall. All the plants bloom from September until frost here in the DC metro area.

Try growing Mexican sunflowers, you will be pleasantly surprised at the pretty fall flowers and intense pollinator activity. I linked to companies that I know have the cultivars mentioned above but for a list of more than 100 seed companies, many of which carry the species as well as the cultivars, click here.

Morning Glories: Easy-to-grow-from-seed Flowering Vines

Heavenly Blue

Morning Glories are so popular, they need little description. I plant them every year on a wooden banister. Their brightly colored faces greet me in the morning. By summer’s end, they have become close friends with the other plants, clasping their thin tendrils around branches of neighboring shrubs and perennials.

Growing morning glories from seed is easy if you bypass that hard seed coat. Either soak the seeds in water overnight before planting or nick the seed coat with a file to allow water to permeate. I start my seeds by soaking in water the night before. The next day, I sow them in small plastic containers with seed starting mix, under lights in my house. I do this in late April and transplant after last frost, typically Mother’s Day here in Northern Virginia. Morning glory seeds can be direct sown after Mother’s Day as well. They do need support so make sure they are planted in a place where the tendrils can clasp on to something.

Morning glories must be grown in full sun for the flowers to open up in the morning. Each flower only lasts one day but the vines produce many flowers. The vines prefer well-drained soil, not too rich or one gets more foliage than flowers. There is no need to deadhead or fertilizer.

Grandpa Ott’s

These annuals produce large seeds, many large seeds so it is easy to find them and save for next year. When the seeds develop in the fall, they are black with a papery brown coat. I cut the stem and drop the cluster of seedheads in a paper bag. Later, in the winter, I separate the seeds. One vine can produce many so this is a perfect plant to grow for seed exchanges.

For a while I have been growing Heavenly Blue from Southern Exposure Seed Exchange. Heavenly Blue is an heirloom with bright blue flowers and a white throat. This year I got Glacier Star from Renee’s Garden which is light blue with dark blue strips, creating a pinwheel effect. This is an heirloom so if I save the seeds, the resulting plants will look the same as the parents. If you want to save seeds, look for heirlooms or open pollinated, not hybrids.

Usually, morning glories have five fused petals in pink, white, magenta, or purple colors. For something different, check out Botanical Interests’ Chocolate which is salmon brown, or the Flying Saucer which is white with broad light blue streaks and a yellow throat. Or try Japanese morning glories from Baker Creek — the Kikyozaki mixed has pointed petals and the Imperial Japanese mix has a wide variety of markings on the blossoms. Kitchen Garden Seeds has a frilly pink called Split Second and a double purple one called Sunrise Serenade.

Try growing this easy annual vine this year. Morning glories are a great investment — one packet of seeds can reward you with flowers every year..

Mix of blue and pink

No Drainage Holes? Grow Rice

Black_Madras

Close up of Black Madras foliage

What do you grow when you have a large container with no drainage holes? Rice (Oryza sativa). This annual grain can grow in containers with no drainage, full of rainwater. Rice is actually a beautiful plant for the garden and easy to grow from seed. ‘Carolina Gold’ and ‘Charleston Gold’ are used for grain production but there is nothing that says they cannot be grown in the garden for their beauty.  They have tall, arching green foliage but their seed heads shine like gold in the fall. ‘Black Madras’ is edible but usually is reserved for its ornamental, black-purple foliage.

rice seed heads

Black Madras seed heads in October

I have grown ‘Black Madras’ by seed, I sowed the seeds directly into large containers with no drainage holes. These containers were not pretty but I could not grow anything else in them without the roots rotting.

I lightly covered the seeds with potting mix and watered. They germinated quickly and the plants did well all summer long. My plants were in sun but they could have tolerated some shade, especially afternoon shade in the summer.

By July, the foliage was about 2 feet tall and a beautiful dark purple. I also sowed seed in a smaller but prettier, blue ceramic container with no drainage holes. I thought the color contrast would work well. The plants were healthy but the container was proportionately too short for the height of the rice. I soon realized that because the container was smaller, the potting mix dried faster in the heat. It is best to have a large container partly because of rice’s height and partly to prevent the mix from drying quickly. Rice cannot survive in dry soil.

ornamental_rice

Black Madras in short, blue container

Rice is a fun plant to grow in the summer. It is an annual that needs a long summer to produce the seed heads. In the fall, you can leave the seed heads for the birds or you can cut them and use them in floral arrangements and wreaths.

This plant is ideal for a place that has standing water, or a water, bog, or rain garden. You may even see rice for sale as a pond plant.

You probably will not see these for sale at your local nursery.  Southern Exposure Seed Exchange sells ‘Carolina Gold’ and ‘Charleston Gold’ seeds and John Scheepers Kitchen Garden Seeds sells ‘Black Madras’ seeds. It is likely the seed packet will have more than you need for one summer. Don’t plant all of them, save some for next year. The seeds are viable for several years.

Try growing rice next year. Not only is it an easy ornamental annual, it will certainly pique your friends’ interest as they visit your garden.

ornamental_rice

Black Madras in large container

Fall Bloomers: Mexican Sunflowers

Mexican sunflowerMexican sunflowers (Tithonia rotundifolia) are very tall, fall blooming annuals. Usually the blossoms are about 3 inches wide, daisy-shaped and orange. Bees and butterflies love the flowers, which are also good for cut flower arrangements.

When Mexican sunflower blooms from September to frost, the sun is at an angle and the light is softer, so the orange is quite nice in the garden. It is not a garish color at all and really blends well with the whole pumpkin fall theme.

The nice thing about this plant is that it is easy to grow from seed and it is easy to collect the seed. When the flower head is past its prime and the resulting seed head is mature, the flower head turns brown and bends down so it is obvious when to cut and save the seed. I cut off the seed heads and save them in a paper bag. In the winter, I separate the actual seed, package them, and give to friends.seedhead

These plants are not fussy. They need full sun, tolerate poor but well-drained soil, should not be fertilized, and are deer resistant. They may need to be staked but there are shorter cultivars on the market. Fiesta del Sol, an All-America Selection (AAS) flower winner in 2000, is the first dwarf at 3 feet tall, making it perfect for containers. Goldfinger is 3 feet tall with orange and gold flowers. Torch is a 1951 AAS flower award winner and Yellow Torch has apricot yellow orange flowers. Both of these can grow to 4 to 6 feet tall. All the plants bloom from September until frost here in the DC metro area.

Try growing Mexican sunflowers, you will be pleasantly surprised at the pretty fall flowers and intense pollinator activity.

National Plant a Flower Day

Today is National Plant a Flower Day. I always have flowers in my garden. Before this pandemic, I used to cut the flowers and bring them to my office. I am no flower arranger, I just put the zinnias, marigolds, and cosmos in a vase on my desk. My colleagues loved them. Invariably they would smile and strike up a conversation. Some would be brave enough to ask me to bring flowers for them while others were inspired to bring flowers of their own into the office. Continue reading

Black Magic in the Garden: Ornamental Rice

Black_Madras

Close Up of Black Madras

A few years ago, I visited friends who had a garden open house or rather an open garden. Tracy and Bill Blevins, owners of Plantsmap, invited friends to visit the garden which was comprised of a variety of types of plants. They set up tables in the driveway to share seeds and cuttings and offer refreshment. It was a great idea, I met new people and plants. Tracy generously shared seed she had collected from her plants and I was able to bring one unusual type of seed to try in my garden. Continue reading

Sow-a-Smile: Grow and Give Flowers This Summer

For years I have cut flowers from my garden and brought them to my office. I am no flower arranger, I just stick the zinnias, marigolds, daisies, and cosmos in a vase and put the vase on my desk. My colleagues love them. Invariably they smile and strike up a conversation. Some ask me to bring in flowers for them; some are inspired to bring in flowers of their own.

Jeannette Haviland-Jones, Professor Emeritus with Rutgers’ Department of Psychology, has researched the impact flowers have on both men and women. In three different studies, she has proven that flowers are a positive emotional “inducer.” In the first study, flowers, when given to women, elicited the Duchenne smile. The Duchenne smile is a genuine smile, an indicator of happiness. The corners of the mouth are raised, the cheeks are raised, and the eyes are crinkled with lines. In addition, the women in the study reported more positive moods 3 days later.

In the second study, a flower or a pen was given to men and women in an elevator to see if flowers have the same impact on men and also to see if flowers (versus pens) would decrease the social distance in an elevator and increase conversation initiation. Men showed the same pattern of smiling when receiving flowers. When the people in the elevator were given flowers, they were more likely to initiate conversation thus closing the gap between them. In a third study, flowers were given to people in senior living residences. The flowers elicited positive moods and improved episodic memory.

Her research proves what we instinctively know: flowers trigger happy emotions and affect social behavior in a positive way. To celebrate the power of flowers, Burpee has started a sow-a-smile campaign. They are giving a free packet of flower seeds with each purchase of annual flowers (seed or plants). The seed packet has easy-to-grow annuals such as baby’s breath, candytuft, scarlet flax, red corn poppy, calendula, cornflower, zinnia, sulphur cosmos, gloriosa daisy, plains coreopsis, and catchfly. Burpee is encouraging people to grow and give a bouquet, capture the recipient’s smile on camera, and share the images on their Facebook site. A brilliant idea – share the love! If you want to see the Duchenne smile on your friends, family, and colleagues, give flowers!

Photos courtesy of Burpee.

 

Mid-Summer Review of my Virginia Garden

Now that it is August and my Virginia garden has suffered extreme weather, pests, diseases, and deer, I can definitely identify my survivors, or rather, my summer successes.

First, my pink and purple garden. This spring I was gifted four different annuals that bloom in the pink to purple range. In this full sun patch near the front door, I have Valiant Orchid vinca from Pan American Seed with extra-large flowers. Vinca is an impressive annual, it flowers all summer long and does not have to be deadheaded. It does not mind the heat, humidity, and periods of dryness. I also like the way the plant gets bushy, it fills its space. Next to them are Proven Winners Angelface Steel Blue angelonias. Often called summer snapdragons, angelonias provide vertical structure. This particular cultivar grows to 2 feet and has large purple flowers that do not need to be deadheaded. They are drought tolerant and deer resistant. I know because they are next to a volunteer dahlia that gets nipped by the deer every so often. Within this space are several shorter angelonias from Pan American Seed called Serena Blue. These perform just as well, just a bit shorter with smaller blue flowers to add a horizontal layer to the garden. At the ground level, to cascade through the plants, is Proven Winners Supertunia Vista Bubblegum. This petunia cultivar has bloomed all summer long, no pests, no diseases. I love the pink and purple combination plus the varying heights.

If I could duplicate this palette next year I might add the purple foliage oxalis. Mine are in a container along with other bulbs from Brent and Becky’s Bulbs. The oxalis pips were planted in April and I put the container outside in May after the last frost. All of the bulbs have performed well but I am amazed at the longevity of the oxalis as well as the versatility. They have been blooming small pink flowers from May to August and the purple foliage does not seem fazed by our heat and humidity. Because they are low growing, the foliage can “hide” the “feet” of plants in containers.

Speaking of containers, I could have planted either the purple oxalis or the pink Bubblegum under the Black Diamond Best Red crape myrtle.  J. Berry Nursery sent the crape myrtle in the spring as a small plant and it has grown so fast I replanted it into a larger container. The Black Diamond series has very dark foliage and can withstand being a summer container plant. I have always liked the use of trees as container plants on patios and decks. However, because this crape myrtle is hardy to zone 6, it will not overwinter in a container so in the fall I will plant it in the ground. Eventually this tree will grow to 12 feet tall and 8 feet wide and I am sure it will be a stunner with the dark foliage and red flowers!

J. Berry Nursery also introduced me to their tropical hibiscus series called Hollywood Hibiscus. The Hollywood Hibiscus plants have many long lasting flowers in a wide range of flower colors. Of my five plants, I have kept my two favorite flower colors, Chatty Cathy (yellow) and Social Butterfly (yellow/orange), in containers on the deck. In the fall I plan to bring them indoors to overwinter them and “save” them for next year. I planted the other three in with the irises in the front of the house. After I trimmed the foliage on my bearded irises, I discovered that First to Flirt (pink), Jolly Polly (pink), and Bombshell Red (red) were perfect for filling up the space and providing color among the truncated iris foliage.

Chatty Cathy