Category Archives: bulbs

Snowdrops: From Simple Flowers to Complex Collections

galanthusEasy to grow, snowdrops are pushing through the snow now. These small bulbs are usually planted in the fall, in masses or drifts. Here in the mid-Atlantic area, snowdrops (Galanthus nivalis) bloom any time from January through March.  Hardy to USDA Zone 4-7, they prefer cool weather, partial shade, and rich soil. They are not fazed by deer but may get relocated by squirrels. By late spring, the green, strap-like leaves die back and the bulb is dormant during the summer.

Snowdrops seem so simple, so humble, like servants to queen daffodils and regal tulips. Here in America, they are a small sign that spring will come soon. In Great Britain, however, snowdrops enjoy a cult status. The English have been breeding snowdrops extensively since the Victorian era, yielding over a thousand cultivars. There are judging events and snowdrop clubs, grand events and exhibits.

To me they are pretty but they look similar. To a galanthophile, each flower is distinct. Galanthophiles collect the cultivars, some of which can be costly. They may also collect other Galanthus species — there are about 20 species that vary in bloom time and size.

Here in this country, we are not able to access a wide variety but a good source for many snowdrop cultivars is Carolyn’s Shade Gardens in Pennsylvania. Another source is David Culp’s annual Galanthus Gala which will be on March 1 & 2, 2024, in Downingtown, PA. David, a well-known breeder, lecturer, and author, has a collection of snowdrops, among other plants, in his gorgeous gardens at Brandywine Cottage. The Galanthus Gala is open to the public, registration is required, and includes speakers and other plant vendors.

Amaryllis: Easy, Holiday Cheer

amaryllis

Red Pearl amaryllis, photo courtesy of Longfield Gardens.

Growing an amaryllis is easy, just plant and water. Unlike the spring blooming bulbs, an amaryllis bulb does not need a chilling period. It is a tropical plant, hardy to Zones 9-12. Once planted, these large bulbs can bloom in time for the holidays, depending on the bulb. They are pricey, but you can coax the bulb to rebloom the following year.

Now is the time to purchase bulbs in garden centers or order online. An amaryllis can be bought as a single, large bulb for you to pot up; as a gift box of a ‘pre-planted’ bulb (in a plastic container); already planted in a ceramic container as a gift; as a gift box of a glass container with a bulb and pebbles (without soil); and as a waxed bulb.

When the amaryllis blooms depend on several factors: when you plant it, the environment (light, heat), and the type you purchase. To obtain flowers for Christmas, purchase the early blooming bulbs that have been grown in the Southern hemisphere. They take 4 to 6 weeks to bloom so if you plant in November, you may get Christmas blooms. These are labeled “early” or “Christmas blooming.”

If you are not targeting Christmas, try bulbs from Holland (grown in the Northern hemisphere). They take 8 to 12 weeks and bloom from January through March. These are labeled “Dutch grown” or “winter blooming.”

amaryllis

Apple Blossom, photo courtesy of Longfield Gardens

You cannot tell from the bulb which is which so look at the label if the bloom time is important to you. You can also plant several types for months of flowers. For example, you can plant early blooming Bolero, Charisma, Denver, Ice Queen, Mandela or Olaf; then early winter blooming Minerva, Cherry Nymph, Magic Green, or Evergreen; then mid-winter blooming Apple Blossom, Splash, Double King, Exotica, or White Nymph; and then late winter blooming Red Pearl, Red Lion, Spartacus, Nymph, Christmas Gift or Lagoon.

Regardless of the bloom date, amaryllis bulbs (the non-waxed types) can be grown in potting mix or in a vase of water with pebbles. If you plant the bulb in potting mix, make sure the container has drainage holes or put in plastic pots with drainage holes and then into a decorative container or lined basket. Pick a pot 2 inches wider than the diameter of the bulb. For a single bulb, try using a container that is 7 to 8 inches deep and 5 to 6 inches wide. Use a well-drained potting mix, not the soil from your garden. The upper half of the bulb should remain above the soil surface. Water and put in a warm place, around 70 to 75 degrees. Then water sparingly until you see new growth. When growth appears, water more frequently but only to keep the potting mix barely moist, never wet. Place in a sunny window.

Amaryllis stake, photo courtesy of Brecks Gifts

Keep an eye on the flower stalks. If they lean, give more light or rotate the pot to balance or stake so they do not topple over. There are special amaryllis stakes that you can insert in the soil to tie to the stalk. Brecks Gifts sells “ladders” as stakes, which little Santa Clause or gnome figures can climb on. Once the flower buds appear, move the plant out of direct sun and into a slightly cooler location.

To grow in a vase of water, place about 5 inches of pebbles, marbles, or glass rocks in the glass, depending on the height of the glass. Place the bulb on top so that the top third is exposed and add a few more pebbles to anchor the bulb. Water enough so the water line is below the base of the bulb. You do not want the bulb to sit in water, but the roots need to be in water. Follow the same directions as above concerning light and temperature. With this method, you need to keep an eye on the water level so the roots always have water.

Then there are the waxed amaryllis bulbs. These are great fun because you don’t water them, you don’t plant them, you just watch them grow. And they do very well. The plant has all the nourishment and moisture it needs from the bulb. With these though, you cannot coax them to bloom again, and you cannot put them in the compost pile because the wax will not decompose. But they are a great holiday gift, especially for kids and the brown thumbs. What is even more fun is that now there are wax designs, like swirls and different colors. Jackson and Perkins and Holland Bulb Farms sell waxed bulbs with colored swirls, heart shapes, and cute tags. Plus there are “sweaters” or “socks” you can buy to cover the waxed bulb. Brecks Gifts sells sweater designs with an image of a polar bear or a reindeer; Viva Terra has Nordic sweaters; and Wind and Weather has a Santa Clause sweater.

For an easy way to decorate the home for the holidays, purchase amaryllis bulbs now. They are guaranteed to put a smile on faces. Here are additional bulb resources.

Planting Tulips in Containers for a Spring Show

China Town, photo courtesy of flowerbulbs.com

I was in a garden store the other day that sported the annual boxes of bulbs on the far side of the wall. Normally I do not purchase tulips because they do not always come back in my Virginia garden. Deer and rabbits eat them; squirrels will dig them up. But I had a new, large container on the deck which deer and rabbits could not access, and these bulbs were only a dollar each, so why not?  I thought it would be fun to create a spring show.

The photo of China Town on one of those boxes grabbed my heart. It is a “viridiflora” type that blooms pink with green streaks up each petal creating a pink/green blossom. The foliage is bluish green with white margins. China Town was awarded the Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit.

Usually when tulip bulbs are planted in the ground they are spaced 4 to 6 inches apart but in a container, they are planted much closer. I was able to fit 10 bulbs in a 22-inch Rim Crescent Garden container, about 6 to 8 inches deep.

After I planted the bulbs, I watered the container and then added more soil to plant yellow pansies, Johnny jump ups, and a few sprigs of sedum for winter color. This container is in full sun and unless the pansies begin to wilt, I will depend on the rain and/or snow to water the bulbs. Although it is possible to fertilize tulips when planting them in the ground, I did not do it for this container. The potting mix is new and comes with some fertilizer.

Although deer and rabbits are not a problem on my deck, the squirrels think nothing of digging through all of my containers. To deter them, I sprinkled Espoma blood meal. If I had not planted the pansies, I could have kept the squirrels out by covering the top of the container with chicken wire, kept in place with pins, or covering with something sharp like spiny brambles, stems with thorns, or crushed eggshells, all of which would be removed in the spring.

The viridiflora type of tulip should bloom in May and is considered a “late” blooming tulip. The blooms last several weeks and make good cut flowers. China Town will grow to 12 inches, which is short for this category; most grow to 20 inches.

Technically, tulips are perennials but most of the bulbs you see for sale now are treated as annuals here in this area because of our hot summers. There are many types of tulips of course so any of the bulbs you see for sale now could be planted in a large container with drainage holes. And if you see a sale, you can’t go wrong!

Photo of China Town courtesy of flowerbulbs.com

Early Spring Bloomers: Dwarf Irises

2014Marchgarden 017

Harmony

It is January and already I can see the green spikes emerging from the mass of dead, brown leaves. Dwarf irises are one of the earliest bloomers in my zone 7 Virginia garden. These irises are only 4-5 inches tall and bloom solitary flowers in February and March. Mine have been in my garden for a long time, nothing bothers them.

J.S. Dijt

J.S. Dijt

Also known as netted iris, dwarf irises (Iris reticulata) are very small bulbs, covered with a fibrous netting. There are many cultivars; flower colors range from light to dark blue or light to dark purple. Preferring full sun and well-drained soil, they thrive in rock gardens, on steps and terraces, in containers, and can be forced to bloom indoors in pots. The flowers can be cut for small desk top vases, bringing early spring cheer to the office or home.

They are available to plant in the fall, along with other bulbs, at local garden centers or through bulb companies. Because they are so small though, buy at least a handful. Plant with roots pointing down, spike pointing up, three inches deep and three inches apart. Hardy to zone 5, they die back in the summer and come back in the spring every year. In my garden, ‘J.S. Dijt’ and ‘Harmony’ have thrived for years with no pests or diseases.

Home for the Holidays: Florist’s Cyclamen

I am sure you have seen the beautiful holiday plant, cyclamen (Cyclamen persicum). Also called florist’s cyclamen, this plant blooms during winter and is a popular gift plant. The flowers, which are high above the foliage, last for several months. Cyclamen is available in a range of sizes, from mini to large, as well as flower colors in magenta, red, pink, and white. Beautiful as it is, it is not an easy plant to grow. Here are tips to prolong the bloom and save for next year. Continue reading

You Too Can Force Hyacinths To Bloom Indoors

Hyacinth Blue Pearl, first flush of flowers

Hyacinth Blue Pearl

It is easy to force hyacinths to bloom early indoors. Hyacinths are relatively cheap bulbs that come in a variety of flower colors: pink, blue, purple, yellow and white. Typically people purchase them in the fall to plant in the garden so they can enjoy their spring bloom. But you can also purchase them in the fall and mimic winter’s cold period by placing in the refrigerator for a few months. They need the cold period in order to bloom. Continue reading

Pleasantly Scented Paperwhites

Ariel

I love growing paperwhites. Paperwhites are a type of daffodil that does not need a chilling period. You can easily find the small bulbs at the garden center now. Most likely you are purchasing a white flowering cultivar known as Ziva. These are relatively inexpensive and easy to grow indoors. Just put a few bulbs in a glass with water and pebbles and voila! You have beautiful flowers in about 6 weeks.

Winter Sun

What’s the problem? The scent. These are not the “breath of fresh air” one imagines in the winter. Instead, you may be thinking you have a gas leak or worse — rotting meat or old diapers. Like cilantro, the fragrance of paperwhites is a “love it” or “leave it” affair.

The culprit? Indole. The fragrance is caused by a chemical called indole, which also exists in trace amounts in gardenias, jasmine, and tuberose (all of which I do like). In these trace amounts, indole becomes more floral and less offensive. It is not surprising that small amounts of indole are used in perfume, such as Chanel No. 5.

Some paperwhites, like Ziva, have a higher level of indole than others. If you find this fragrance offensive, try growing cultivars with lower levels such as Inball (white flowers), Ariel (white), Nir (white), and Wintersun (white with dark yellow cup).  Yellow flowering paperwhites are supposed to be low in indole but the only one I have seen for sale is Grand Soleil d’Or from this list of bulb companies.

Grand Soleil d’Or

Try growing Inball, Ariel, Nir, Wintersun, or Grand Soleil d’Or this year. They may not be available in your local garden center but they are available from specialty bulb companies.

All photos courtesy of Brent and Becky’s Bulbs.

Nurseries Specializing in Bulbs for Spring Flowers

bulbsFall is the time to plant bulbs for spring flowers. Here is a list of companies that sell bulbs — some specialize in the fall-planted, spring-blooming bulbs like daffodils, while others focus on the summer plants like dahlias and caladiums.  If you have recommendations of other companies, enter them in the comments section so I can add to this list.

Amaryllis and Caladium Bulb Company, Florida, has catalog and can order online. Sells amaryllis, caladiums, and spring and summer bulbs.

Brecks, Ohio, has a catalog and can order online, states that it ships bulbs directly from Holland

Bluestone Perennials, sells bulbs as well as perennials.

Brent and Becky’s Bulbs, Virginia, has a catalog, can order online, can visit display garden and shop in Gloucester, VA.

Colorblends, Connecticut. Although “wholesale” is in their title and on their website, they do sell bulbs to home gardeners. They have an annual print catalog and an online site for ordering. Specializes in spring blooming bulbs.

Dan’s Dahlias, Washington company that specializes in dahlias.

David Burdick Daffodils and More, Massachusetts, has catalog and website but not able to order online. Has daffodils, trollius, colchicums, and a few other bulbs

Dutch Gardens, Illinois, has catalog and can order online, sells bulbs and perennials

Dutch Grown, Pennsylvania, order bulbs online.

Easy to Grow Bulbs, California, can order online, no catalog. Sells bulbs, succulents, and houseplants.

John Scheepers Beauty from Bulbs, Connecticut, can order online and has catalog. Also has sister company Van Engelen for wholesale bulb orders and a sister company, Kitchen Garden Seeds, for vegetable, herb, flower seeds

Longfield Gardens, New Jersey, can order online but no catalog, sells bulbs and perennials

McClure and Zimmerman, Wisconsin, has a digital catalog and can order online, sells bulbs

Odyssey Bulbs, Massachusetts, online, no catalog, sells unusual bulbs and perennials

Old House Gardens, Michigan, can order online and has a print catalog, known for heirloom bulbs

Plant Addicts is a family owned, online plant store in Nebraska that sells bulbs as well as other types of plants and garden décor. Their website also offers gardening information and resources.

RoozenGaarde and Washington Bulb Company, Washington, has a mailorder and internet division called Tulips.com. There is a retail gift shop in WA. Also ships flowers and promotes bulbs as wedding favors.

Telos Rare Bulbs, California, sells bulbs from South Africa, South America, and western U.S., online, no catalog

White Flower Farm, Connecticut, can order online and obtain catalog, wide range of bulbs, perennials, holiday plants, and gardening tools. Has display gardens and store in CT.

Nurseries that Specialize in Bulbs, Rhizomes, Corms, Tubers, Etc.

bulbsA few weeks ago, I shared my list of companies that specialize in seed and asked you to send me companies I did not have so I could expand my list. I received many new companies (thank you!) so I now have 86 seed companies on my website. I thought I would do this for my list of companies that sell ornamental bulbs. These can be the spring blooming bulbs as well as summer plants that are sold by bulbs, tubers, corms, rhizomes, etc.  Those that are edible, i.e., seed potato and garlic, are on the seed list. So send me your suggestions in the comments section so we can expand this list from 19 to 30 at least!

Amaryllis and Caladium Bulb Company, Florida, has catalog and can order online. Sells amaryllis, caladiums, and spring and summer bulbs.

Brecks, Ohio, has a catalog and can order online, states that it ships bulbs directly from Holland

Bluestone Perennials, sells bulbs as well as perennials.

Brent and Becky’s Bulbs, Virginia, has a catalog, can order online, can visit display garden and shop in Gloucester, VA.

Colorblends, Connecticut. Although “wholesale” is in their title and on their website, they do sell bulbs to home gardeners. There is a $60 minimum order. They have an annual print catalog and an online site for ordering. Specializes in spring blooming bulbs.

Dan’s Dahlias, Washington state company that specializes in dahlias.

David Burdick Daffodils and More, Massachusetts, has catalog and website but not able to order online. Has daffodils, trollius, colchicums, and a few other bulbs

Dutch Gardens, Illinois, has catalog and can order online, sells bulbs and perennials

Dutch Grown, Pennsylvania, order bulbs online.

Easy to Grow Bulbs, California, can order online, no catalog. Sells bulbs, succulents, and houseplants.

John Scheepers Beauty from Bulbs, Connecticut, can order online and has catalog. Also has sister company Van Engelen for wholesale bulb orders and a sister company, Kitchen Garden Seeds, for vegetable, herb, flower seeds

Longfield Gardens, New Jersey, can order online but no catalog, sells bulbs and perennials

McClure and Zimmerman, Wisconsin, has a digital catalog and can order online, sells bulbs

Odyssey Bulbs, Massachusetts, online, no catalog, sells unusual bulbs and perennials

Old House Gardens, Michigan, can order online and has a print catalog, known for heirloom bulbs

Plant Addicts is a family owned, online plant store in Nebraska that sells bulbs as well as other types of plants and garden décor. Their website also offers gardening information and resources.

RoozenGaarde and Washington Bulb Company, Washington, has a mailorder and internet division called Tulips.com. There is a retail gift shop in WA. Also ships flowers and promotes bulbs as wedding favors.

Telos Rare Bulbs, California, sells bulbs from South Africa, South America, and western U.S., online, no catalog

White Flower Farm, Connecticut, can order online and obtain catalog, wide range of bulbs, perennials, holiday plants, and gardening tools. Has display gardens and store in CT.

How to Prevent Flopping with Paperwhite Bulbs

The first time I forced bulbs to bloom indoors was when I attended a horticulture class at Northern Virginia Community College in the 1970s. We were given paperwhite bulbs (Narcissus tazetta) that we placed in a shallow dish of water and pebbles. Continue reading